In this study, we use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to improve our understanding of the pre-Columbian migrations to the Antilles and the processes that gave rise to the Taínos. The specific objective of this project is to compare Native American mtDNA lineages of the Dominican Republic with those described already for Puerto Rico. Our hypothesis is that inhabitants from Hispaniola and Puerto Rico should share a common continental origin.
The mtDNA lineages are being defined by control region sequences, including hypervariable regions I and II (HVR-I and HVR-II). The use of HVR-II is important in this study, unlike those focused on African mtDNA phylogeography, because Amerindian populations are young and a wider DNA region needs to be studied to accumulate enough information on genetic variation for proper lineage definition.
The methodology consists of DNA extraction from mouthwash samples collected at 43 localities in the Dominican Republic, DNA fragment amplification through PCR, PCR product purification, and proper band size and concentration estimated from agarose gel electrophoresis in preparation for automated DNA sequencing.
Of 90 indigenous samples amplified and purified, 52 were sequenced and compared to the Cambridge Reference Sequence, showing that 30 (58%), 2 (4%), 17 (33%), and 3 (6%) belonged to haplogroups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Thus, the haplogroup distribution in the Dominican Republic is similar to Puerto Rico, where the haplogroup frequencies are 52%, 9%, 36% and 4%. However, lineage identification and comparison showed distinct lineages for Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, suggesting independent continental origins.
These results suggest disparate origins and restricted maternally mediated gene flow between geographic regions between the islands.